理解レベル
難易度: ★★
ラグランジュの方程式を用いて図の2自由度系の運動方程式を求めよ.
平衡状態にある振子の長さ$l$ ,振動による振子の伸び$\xi$,鉛直線との間の振れ角を$\theta$とする.
\[
ラグランジュの方程式: \frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{q_r}}\right)-\frac{\partial T}{\partial q_r}+\frac{\partial U}{\partial q_r}
=0
\]
\[
q_r : 一般座標 \left( r= 1,2, \ldots ,n\right)
\]
\[
運動エネルギー: T= \frac{1}{2} m \left\{ \left( l+\xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\xi}^2 \right\}
\]
\[
ポテンシャルエネルギ:U= \frac{1}{2} k \xi^2+ mg \left(l + \xi \right) \left(1 - \cos \theta \right)
\]
%=image:/media/2015/01/15/142125587811167300.png:
$q_r = \xi$ のとき
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{\xi}}
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \dot{\xi}} \left[ \frac{1}{2}m \left\{\left( l + \xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\xi}^2 \right\} \right] \\
&= \frac{1}{2}m \cdot 2 \dot{\xi} \\
&=m \dot{\xi}
\end{align}
\]
\[
\begin{align}
\frac {d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{\xi}} \right)
&= \frac{d}{dt} (m \dot{\xi}) \\
&= m \ddot{\xi}
\end{align}
\]
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial T}{\partial \xi}
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left[ \frac{1}{2}m \left\{ \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\xi}^2 \right\} \right] \\
&= \frac{1}{2}m \cdot 2\left( l + \xi \right) \dot{\theta}^2 \\
&=m \left( l + \xi \right) \dot{\theta}^2
\end{align}
\]
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial U}{\partial \xi}
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left\{ \frac{1}{2}k \xi^2 +mg \left( l + \xi \right) \left( 1 - \cos \theta \right) \right\} \\
&= \frac{1}{2}k \cdot 2\xi + mg \left( 1 - \cos \theta \right) \\
&= k \xi +mg \left( 1 - \cos \theta \right)
\end{align}
\]
\[
\therefore m \ddot{\xi} - m \left( l+\xi \right) \dot{\theta}^2 + k \xi + mg \left( 1- \cos\theta \right)
=0
\]
$ q_r = \theta $ のとき
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{\theta}}
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \dot{\theta}} \left[ \frac{1}{2}m \left\{ \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\xi}^2 \right\} \right] \\
&= \frac{1}{2}m \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \cdot 2 \dot{\theta} \\
&=m \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta}
\end{align}
\]
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{\theta}} \right)
&= \frac{d}{dt} \left\{ m \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \dot{\theta} \right\} \\
&= m \left\{ 2 \left( l + \xi \right) \dot{\xi} \dot{\theta} + \left( l + \xi \right)^2 \ddot{\theta} \right\}
\end{align}
\]
\[
\frac{\partial T}{\partial \theta}
=0
\]
\[
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial U}{\partial \theta}
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} \left\{ \frac{1}{2} k \xi^2 + mg \left( l + \xi \right) \left( 1- \cos\theta \right) \right\} \\
&= mg \left( l + \xi \right) \sin \theta
\end{align}
\]
\[
\therefore \left( l+\xi \right) \ddot{\theta} + 2 \dot{\xi} \dot{\theta} + g \sin \theta
=0
\]